Overview of Europe's Woods and Forests / Keith J. Kirby and Charles Watkins -- Methods and Approaches in the Study of Woodland History / Charles Watkins -- The Forest Landscape Before Farming / Keith J. Kirby and Charles Watkins -- Evolution of Modern Landscapes / Keith J. Kirby and Charles Watkins -- Wood-pastures in Europe / Tibor Hartel, Tobias Plieninger and Anna Varga -- Coppice Silviculture: From the Mesolithic to the 21st Century / Peter Buckley and Jenny Mills -- High Forest Management and the Rise of Even-aged Stands / Peter Savill -- Close-to-nature Forestry / Matthias B鑥rgi -- The Impact of Hunting on European Woodland from Medieval to Modern Times / John Fletcher -- The Flora and Fauna of Coppice Woods: Winners and Losers of Active Management or Neglect? / Peter Buckley and Jenny Mills -- The Importance of Veteran Trees for Saproxylic Insects / Juha Siitonen and Thomas Ranius -- The Changing Fortunes of Woodland Birds in Temperate Europe / Shelley A. Hinsley, Robert J. Fuller and Peter N. Ferns -- Evolution and Changes in the Understorey of Deciduous Forests: Lagging Behind Drivers of Change / Martin Hermy -- Gains and Losses in the European Mammal Fauna / Robert Hearn -- The Curious Case of the Even-aged Plantation: Wretched, Funereal or Misunderstood? / Chris P. Quine -- Historical Ecology in Modern Conservation in Italy / Roberta Cevasco and Diego Moreno -- Bia眔wie陑a Primeval Forest: A 2000-year Interplay of Environmental and Cultural Forces in Europe's Best Preserved Temperate Woodland / Ma眊orzata Lata眔wa, Marcelina Zimny, Bogumi盿 J馿drzejewska and Tomasz Samojlik -- Woodland History in the British Isles: An Interaction of Environmental and Cultural Forces / George F. Peterken -- Forest Management and Species Composition: A Historical Approach in Lorraine, France / Xavier Rochel -- Barriers and Bridges for Sustainable Forest Management: The Role of Landscape History in Swedish Bergslagen / Per Angelstam, Kjell Andersson, Robert Axelsson, Erik Degerman, Marine Elbakidze, Per Sj鑟lander and Johan T鑟rnblom -- The Development of Forest Conservation in Europe / James Latham -- The UK's Ancient Woodland Inventory and its Use / Emma Goldberg -- Tree and Forest Pests and Diseases: Learning from the Past to Prepare for the Future / Clive Potter -- Reflections / Charles Watkins and Keith J. Kirby.