This book has two main aims: 1) to synthesise existing knowledge and use established ecological theory to identify generalities in the complexity of urban ecosystems; and 2) to make urban ecology interesting and relevant to students, researchers and policy-makers in both the developed and the developing world. This new undergraduate textbook contains eight chapters, and discusses the urban ecology of humans, community-level, ecosystem-level, and population-and species-level responses to urbanization as well as conservation of biodiversity and city ecosystems. Each chapter includes study questions and case studies where appropriate to help develop fuller understanding.